Sunday, October 28, 2012

A Romantic Poem from the Victorian Era?


These blog assignments seem to always catch me by surprise. Just when I think all I really need to do this weekend is write a paper for another class of mine, I realize on Friday morning that I have another blog to do. *sigh*

I thought I might do it on Robert Browning’s “Porphyria’s Lover” because the name sounds interesting but I think I might save that for the Victorian Era exam essay…

I at least made the decision that I would do it on a Robert Browning poem. I chose “Home-Thought, From Abroad.” It’s short. I didn’t chose it because I was lazy...although I am. I chose it because if it’s short I can insert the whole poem into this blog and talk about the whole thing and not just a piece.

“Home-Thoughts, From Abroad”

Oh, to be in England,
Now that April's there,
And whoever wakes in England
Sees, some morning, unaware,
That the lowest boughs and the brushwood sheaf
Round the elm-tree bole are in tiny leaf,
While the chaffinch sings on the orchard bough In England - now!

And after April, when May follows,
And the whitethroat builds, and all the swallows - 
Hark! where my blossomed pear-tree in the hedge
Leans to the field and scatters on the clover
Blossoms and dewdrops - at the bent spray's edge - 
That's the wise thrush; he sings each song twice over,
Lest you should think he never could recapture
The first fine careless rapture!
And though the fields look rough with hoary dew,
All will be gay when noontide wakes anew
The buttercups, the little children's dower,
- Far brighter than this gaudy melon-flower!


It's interesting, this poem. It seems very similar to those we read at the beginning of the year during the Romanticism era in that it speaks of nature. There's not much that I can say to you that can't be discerned by a simple reading of Browning's simple language. It's really all about nature and what England is like in the spring around the months of April and May. The imagery is fantastic about the countryside, singing birds and flowers blooming. Browning clearly is attempting (and succeeding) at making the ordinary ways of spring sound magical (as if he's describing nature through Disney-fogged glasses). In writing this poem he has taken up a role as a homesick traveler longing for home. Biographically, this poem was written in 1845. This strikes close to home as Browning had been away from England in Italy for quite a time.

The form is that of a short lyric with an easily detectable rhyme scheme of couplets with an odd man out in line 7. This odd man out is where there is a stanza break. The rhyme scheme is ABABCCDD then AABCBCDDEEFF. The stanza break also allows for a structure in the story-line. The first stanza reminisces about the joys that are taking place at home but in the second stanza, Browning admits a sense of resignation that England is so far away.

Photo Sources - 

Sunday, October 14, 2012

Opium in Wilkie Collins' "The Moonstone"


SPOILER ALERT for anyone who hasn’t read The Moonstone.
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A picture of a yellow diamond, because some of us can only dream...
I’d heard that people had decided to write character analyses but I have instead decided to examine the role of opium in Wilkie Collins’ The Moonstone.

Wilkie  Collins’ own opium addiction started at the age of thirty, when he began to suffer from gout. Both his legs and eyes were greatly affected, so he continued to turn to laudanum (opium concoction) to ease the pain, carrying it around in a sliver flask. According to my research, Collins consumed enough opium mixture to kill 12 people. So I suppose he’d be an expert on the effects of opium…

In his detective novel, The Moonstone, opium is the key to the crime. Here’s the general gist of the crime as it was revealed: Rosanna revealed through a letter to Franklin that he must’ve stolen the diamond because of his nightgown being stained with paint. However, Franklin didn’t remember stealing the diamond. Ezra Jennings, an opium addict, suggests that it is possible that he was under the influence of the drug the night he stole the diamond. It is revealed that even Rachel, who loves Franklin and was the new owner of the moonstone, saw him take the diamond. After recreating the theft, it was proven that after quitting his smoking addiction and anxiously talking about the diamond, drugged with opium, Franklin stole the diamond. But he didn’t have it. When he took it, Franklin saw Godfrey and asked him to take it and put it in his father’s safe. Godfrey was the one who’d drugged Franklin’s drink as per Mr. Candy’s request—so that he could prove opium was a sleeping aide. Due to financial trouble, Godfrey took the diamond and pawned it. A year later, he’s killed by the Indians who take the diamond back to India. The End.

Essentially, the opium was meant to put Franklin to sleep but instead led to him to sleepwalk and steal the diamond. I was curious about how Collins used the opium. It almost seemed like a scapegoat to me. How convenient! He was drugged and that’s why the diamond was stolen in the first place, not out of desperation and dishonesty but worry. If the purpose of doping Franklin was to put him to sleep, this must’ve meant that this was the effect opium should’ve had on Franklin. He should’ve slept soundly…unless…is sleepwalking also a side effect of opium? I did a little research.

Raw opium...looks questionable to me...more like earwax.

The purposes behind using opium are to relax, relieve pain and anxiety, decrease alertness, but also impair coordination and cause constipation. The effects of opium last up to four hours and are things such as euphoria, absence of pain and stress, altered mood and mental processes, sleepiness, vomiting, loss of appetite sweating, inability to concentrate, impaired vision and death. Considering this, I reevaluated Franklin’s reaction to the drug. I think it’s possible that while Mr. Candy intended for the opium to put Franklin to sleep, maybe the anxiety Franklin experienced over Rachel’s refusal to lock up the diamond led to his taking it in the night time. Also the only excuse for Franklin’s actual sleepwalking might be a result of the altered mood and mental processes side effect.

But who am I to really judge what a person can or cannot do under the influence of opium? Wilkie Collins’ own addiction to opium is the only redeeming factor of this argument. He knew firsthand what could and could not happen under the influence of opium. He’s more of an expert than I would ever presume to be simply because of some quick Google search.


sources:
                    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raw_opium.jpg (opium)